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This is jigsaw.

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He's a friendly, little robot that's, really,

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really good at, only one thing, putting together any,

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jigsaw puzzle, no matter how, complicated,

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really, really fast.

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It's taken us, three years to get, to this point,

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but according to, our initial tests, we have hopes,

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he might be200 times faster, than the fastest, competitive,

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jigsaw puzzler in, the world.

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So today we're gonna, walk through what, it took to get ready,

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for the ultimate robot, Vs.

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Human face off, and along the way, we may just discover,

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some tricks you might, find helpful as a mere, human jigsaw puzzler,

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yourself.

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But before we unpack, how jigsaw does, what he does,

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first want to give us, humans some well, deserved credit because,

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while this seems, pretty straightforward, of me to be able to,

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pick up and arrange, these twelve pieces, of a puzzle,

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I'm actually doing four, very complicated tasks.

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The first is, just picking up a piece.

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Have you ever stopped, to think just, how amazing our hands,

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are?

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Hiding beneath that skin, are 27 bones, and 34 muscles,

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which makes them, flexible and strong, but they're also,

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incredibly precise and, dexterous thanks to, the high concentration,

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of.

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Nerves in our fingertips, are sensing pressure, textures,

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and temperature.

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We've also evolved, to have opposable thumbs, which makes it,

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way easier to hold tools, and to manipulate, and pick things up,

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than if it was, just five fingers, all side by side.

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Step two is, rotating the piece, to the correct,

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orientation, which again is, pretty straightforward,

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when you have, all the abilities, I just mentioned,

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for step three, we need to, move the piece,

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into position and, that requires our whole, arm.

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As I mentioned before, most vertebrae have, the same basic,

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arm bone configuration, from a human to a BAT, to a chicken,

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to a turtle to a dolphin.

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But when you include, the hand, our configuration is,

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the most technically, capable arm of, any living thing,

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to have ever existed, on this planet.

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If you imagine, a large cube, in front of me,

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it's wild that us, humans can move, this puzzle piece,

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to any position, and orientation within, that cube.

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That's really hard, for a robot, or pretty much,

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any other species to do, for that matter.

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For step four, we have to decide, where this piece,

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should go and, for us humans, it's hard to explain how,

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but when we look at this, it just very quickly, feels super.

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Obvious this piece, should go here.

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What's actually, happening, though,

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is our eyes communicate, visual perception to, our brains,

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which then, subconsciously, synthesize,

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complicated, combination of pattern, recognition,

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spatial reasoning, visual memory, and executive function.

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And as a result, in fractions of a second, the right answer,

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just feels obvious.

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And not to brag, but this is once again,

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where us humans are, the undisputed champions.

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Our complex brains are, what make us special.

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Physically, we're kind of, unremarkable in the,

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animal kingdom.

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We're not faster, than cheetahs, we're stronger than,

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bears.

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We can't swim, as well as dolphins, or fly like an eagle.

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It's our brains, that make up2% of our body weight,

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yet they consume20% of our energy, every day.

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And that ratio is higher, than any other, living thing ever.

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And it's the reason, we're the ultimate Apex, predators because it,

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allows for the huge, survival advantages, that come from tool use,

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planning, problem solving, language,

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and large scale, cooperation with other, humans.

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It's also what has, possibly, up until this moment,

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in history, made us the best.

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At jigsaw puzzles.

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So if we wanted, to make a robot, that was as good,

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or better than us, at puzzles, our daunting challenge,

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was to take, the 200 million years, of evolution that,

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enabled those four steps, and figure out, how to translate it,

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into things a robot, can do.

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For number one, to pick up a piece,

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in lieu of an opposable, thumb in 27 hand bones,

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we used a tiny, specialized suction cup, that's often used,

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to manipulate small, objects on assembly, lines.

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This solenoid here, can cut off, and then connect to,

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this vacuum pump, which means we could, turn on the suction,

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exactly when we want to, pick it up,

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and then turn it off, exactly we want to, let it go.